Five proprietary instruments

Built on research.
Written for practice.

Praxis is the point where theory becomes action. These five instruments live there. Each one is grounded in established research and written for the working adults, online learners, leaders, and organizations who will actually answer the items.

All five are original work, authored solely by Dr. Corey R. Sims and proprietary to Sims Praxis, LLC. Each instrument’s development stage is stated plainly below, and nothing is described as validated before it is.

Suite 01 Determined exempt, August 2026

OAIRS

Organizational AI Readiness Scale

Most organizations assess AI readiness by asking whether leadership is enthusiastic. Enthusiasm is not capability. OAIRS measures the conditions that determine whether an adoption effort survives contact with staff who were never trained for it.

Two parallel versions share a common core and diverge on sector-specific items, so a county agency and a professional services firm are each measured against conditions that apply to them. Every subscale measures culture rather than capability, which is why a well-resourced organization can score low and a modest one can score high.

Items
48 total. 24 common core plus a 12-item sector module. 36 items per participant.
Versions
OAIRS-NP for nonprofit and government. OAIRS-CO for corporate and for-profit.
Completion
9 to 11 minutes.
Status
Validation protocol determined exempt by an accredited independent institutional review board in August 2026 under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(2)(ii). Data collection is authorized and has not begun.
Subscales
  • Leadership Vision
  • Staff Digital Literacy
  • Data Governance
  • Change Management Capacity
  • Equity Awareness
  • Strategic Alignment
Suite 02 Determined exempt, August 2026

PPRRS-WA

Program Participant Retention Risk Scale for Working Adults

Adult attrition is rarely about motivation. It is about a shift supervisor who will not move a schedule, a car that stopped working, or a household that treats the program as optional. Standard retention instruments were normed on residential undergraduates and do not ask about any of that.

PPRRS-WA measures nine conditions that precede departure, at intake and midpoint, producing a risk profile rather than a single score. That distinction matters operationally, because a participant high on situational barriers and a participant high on perceived relevance need entirely different responses.

Items
36 primary items across 9 subscales, 4 items per subscale, plus 3 criterion items and 2 attention checks.
Completion
10 to 12 minutes.
Administration
Intake and midpoint. Longitudinal three-point design supported.
Output
Subscale profile with risk tier assignment and demographic disaggregation.
Status
Validation protocol determined exempt by an accredited independent institutional review board in August 2026 under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(2)(ii). Data collection is authorized and has not begun.
Subscales
  • Program Engagement
  • Perceived Relevance
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Social Belonging
  • Situational Barriers
  • Staff Support Adequacy
  • Future Orientation
  • Goal Alignment
  • Perceived Home-Based Family Support
Suite 03 In institutional review

SBIIS

Student Belonging and Institutional Identity Scale

Belonging instruments in higher education assume a campus. They ask about residence halls, student organizations, and running into faculty between classes. None of that describes an adult learner taking courses at eleven at night after their children are asleep.

SBIIS measures belonging and institutional identity for learners whose entire relationship with the institution is mediated through a screen, including how they explain setbacks to themselves. Attribution of negative experiences is frequently the strongest signal in the profile.

Items
32 primary items across 8 subscales, 4 items per subscale, plus 2 attention checks.
Completion
9 to 11 minutes.
Population
Adult and online learners. Term-based administration.
Output
Subscale profile with departure risk stratification across three tiers.
Status
Protocol under institutional review at Indiana Wesleyan University.
Subscales
  • Social Belonging
  • Institutional Value Perception
  • Academic Identity Integration
  • Faculty Relational Quality
  • Goal-Identity Congruence
  • Institutional Navigation Efficacy
  • Peer Community Connection
  • Attribution of Negative Experiences
Suite 04 Determined exempt, August 2026

LCEP

Leader Cognitive Empathy Profile

Most empathy measures capture how much a leader cares, and none of them ask about difference. LCEP measures how consistently a leader engages in perspective-taking with people whose race, gender, generation, or economic background differs from their own. Caring broadly and practicing deliberately across difference are not the same thing.

Seven dimensions cover identity-differentiated perspective-taking practice across racial, gender, generational, and socioeconomic difference, alongside the effort a leader invests, their awareness of in-group favoritism, and their ability to interrupt a snap judgment before acting on it. Embedded discriminant and social desirability items make the profile harder to game.

LCEP is a self-report measure of perspective-taking practice. It reports what a leader does, not whether their reading of another person is correct. Verified accuracy requires a performance-based criterion design and is not claimed here. LCEP is built for leadership development, coaching, and team effectiveness work. It is not offered for hiring, promotion, discipline, or any other selection use.
Items
28 primary items across 7 subscales, 4 items per subscale. 36 total participant-facing including validity and attention items.
Completion
12 to 14 minutes.
Validity design
Three discriminant items, three social desirability items, and two attention checks embedded.
Administration
Pre and post for development programs. Single administration for diagnosis.
Status
Validation protocol determined exempt by an accredited independent institutional review board in August 2026 under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(2)(ii). Data collection is authorized and has not begun.
Subscales
  • Racial and Ethnic Perspective-Taking Practice
  • Gender Perspective-Taking Practice
  • Generational Perspective-Taking Practice
  • Socioeconomic Perspective-Taking Practice
  • Perspective-Taking Effort
  • In-Group Favoritism Awareness
  • Heuristic Interruption
Suite 05 Determined exempt, August 2026

PACCI

Pre-Acquisition Cultural Compatibility Index

Deals are diligenced on financials and rarely on how two organizations actually make decisions. Then the acquired team discovers that what took a conversation now takes an approval chain, and the people the buyer paid for begin leaving within the year.

PACCI has both organizations complete identical items before close. Each dimension is anchored to a descriptive pole, so a score locates an organization rather than grading it. The output is not a score for either party but a gap map showing exactly where they diverge, which turns integration risk into something that can be planned for rather than discovered.

Items
28 items across 7 subscales, 4 items per subscale, completed identically by both organizations.
Completion
8 to 10 minutes.
Output
Dimension-level gap scores, 0.00 to 4.00, identifying integration risk before close. Lower indicates greater compatibility.
Timing
Pre-close diligence. Post-close re-administration supported for integration tracking.
Status
Validation protocol determined exempt by an accredited independent institutional review board in August 2026 under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(2)(ii). Data collection is authorized and has not begun.
Subscales
  • Decision-Making Culture
  • Risk and Innovation Culture
  • Communication Culture
  • Hierarchy and Authority Culture
  • Change Culture
  • Retention Culture
  • Client Priority Culture

Content validity

Every item traces to a theory

Before any data is collected, each instrument carries a documented derivation running theory to construct to dimension to item. An item that cannot be traced upward through all four steps does not belong in the pool. That rule is what reduced the pools during development.

Theory
An established account of the phenomenon, drawn from the literature and independent of any measurement intent. Tinto on departure. Bandura on efficacy. Schein on organizational culture. Rogers on diffusion.
Construct
The property the theory names as consequential. Self-efficacy. Social integration. Change valence. Cultural distance. The thing the theory says explains the outcome.
Dimension
The construct as it presents in the specific population and setting the instrument serves. Self-efficacy in general becomes belief in capability to complete this program.
Item
A single observable report a respondent can make about that dimension. One facet per item, traceable upward through all three levels above it.

Why this is written before validation rather than after. Evidence based on test content is one of five sources of validity evidence recognized in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. It is also the only source that can be established before any data exists.

It does its work later. When factor analysis returns a structure, a documented derivation is what makes the result interpretable. A structure that matches the derivation is confirmation. A structure that does not is a finding about the construct, traceable to a specific dimension and a specific theoretical claim. Without a specification written in advance, the second outcome is indistinguishable from a mistake.

Research status

Where each instrument stands today

Development stage is disclosed in every proposal, every agreement, and every report. This is the current picture.

Determined exempt, August 2026
OAIRS, PPRRS-WA, LCEP, and PACCI are covered as four parallel arms of a single protocol determined exempt by an accredited independent institutional review board in August 2026 under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(2)(ii). An exemption is a finding about risk to participants. It is not a finding that an instrument measures what it claims. Data collection is authorized and has not begun.
In institutional review
SBIIS. Protocol under review at Indiana Wesleyan University for a pilot administration with adult online learners.
Not yet validated
No instrument in the suite has completed validation. Population norms do not exist and no predictive validity evidence exists. Nothing is described as validated before it is, and no instrument is deployed for a decision it cannot yet support.
Norms
Population norms accumulate through field administration and are established per population rather than assumed from a panel sample. Early engagements operate on local norms, meaning an organization’s own baseline cohort serves as its reference.
Early access
Partners deploying before validation completes receive full subscale reporting with per-respondent licensing waived. De-identified responses contribute to the validation record, and partners receive reduced licensing afterward.

Find out which instrument fits

Send the population, the decision the data has to support, and the timeline. If none of these is the right tool for your question, we will tell you that.

Email Dr. Sims